The Aeolipile, a simple steam turbine is first described by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century AD, and many historians give him credit for the invention.
The first seismograph was invented in 132 A.D. by the Chinese astronomer and mathematician Chang Heng. It consisted of a ceramic urn with eight dragons attached to its sides. Each dragon held a small bronze ball in its mouth. Whenever there was even a slight earth tremor, a mechanism inside the seismograph would open the mouth of one dragon, and the bronze ball would fall into the open mouth of one of eight toads sitting below. Imperial watchman could tell which direction the earthquake came from by seeing which dragon's mouth was empty.
A typical hummingbird can flap its wings up to 80 times per second.
Oganesson is a transactinide chemical element, first synthesized in 2002 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. Formerly called ununoctium, it has an atomic number of 118. It was formerly thought to be a gas under normal conditions but is now predicted to be a solid due to relativistic effects.
Magnetars (a type of neutron star) are the bizarre super-dense remnants of supernova explosions. They are the strongest magnets known in the universe -- hundreds of millions of times more powerful than the magnetic field surrounding Earth.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles). Most types of clouds are found in the troposphere, and almost all weather occurs within this layer.
The average cumulus cloud contains about 500,000,000 grams of water which equals approximately 1.1 million pounds. That nice, white fluffy cloud floating over your head weighs as much as 100 elephants!
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